Основная проблема заключается вот в чем.
Если драйвер установлен (ath3k), а "зуб" все равно не работает и в dmesg мы видим "ath3k: probe of 2-7:1.0 failed with error -5", то нужно ставить firmware patch (ath3k-1.fw).
Как и что написано ниже.

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Installing ASUS USB-BT211 Bluetooth Dongle on Debian 6.0 (Squeeze).
This hardware uses Atheros AR3011 chipset and ath3k driver is needed.

Check, maybe you have already installed it by command "sudo modprobe -l | grep ath3k".
In reply you should have something like that "{path}/ath3k.ko".
Than check is it loaded by "sudo lsmod | grep ath3k"? (Device MUST be pluged in usb!!!)
If not, than load "sudo modprobe ath3k".
After that BT may be working. If not, then go to step 3.
If you do not have ath3k installed then go through steps from 1 to 3.

1. Get latest "compat-wireless-*" from
http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Download/stable/
I'd use "compat-wireless-2.6.38-rc4-1.tar.bz2"

2. Install bt drivers from "compat-wireless-*" catalog:
-----------------------------
make bt
make btinstall
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* For deteils view "README".
Load driver by "sudo modprobe ath3k" or just reboot.

3. If Bluetooth does not work than you need to install firmware patch (ath3k-1.fw).
It is inclided in "firmware-atheros" package from non-free repositories.
Install it and for sure try "sudo modprobe ath3k" or just reboot. BT should to work.

Enjoy!

$ lsusb 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0cf3:3000 Atheros Communications, Inc. AR3011
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0731:0528 Susteen, Inc. SonyEricsson DCU-11 Cable
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 093a:2510 Pixart Imaging, Inc. Hama Optical Mouse

dmesg:

...

[    6.819815] Bluetooth: Atheros AR30xx firmware driver ver 1.0
[    6.821695] ath3k 2-7:1.0: usb_probe_interface
[    6.821698] ath3k 2-7:1.0: usb_probe_interface - got id
[    6.835497] i2c i2c-0: nForce2 SMBus adapter at 0x1c00
[    6.859705] i2c i2c-1: nForce2 SMBus adapter at 0x1c80
[    6.869206] k8temp 0000:00:18.3: Temperature readouts might be wrong - check erratum #141
[    7.027151] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [APC3] enabled at IRQ 18
[    7.028969]   alloc irq_desc for 18 on node 0
[    7.028971]   alloc kstat_irqs on node 0
[    7.028979] ohci1394 0000:01:0a.0: PCI INT A -> Link[APC3] -> GSI 18 (level, low) -> IRQ 18
[    7.040288] ath3k: probe of 2-7:1.0 failed with error -5
[    7.042180] usbcore: registered new interface driver ath3k
[    7.081058] ohci1394: fw-host0: OHCI-1394 1.1 (PCI): IRQ=[18]  MMIO=[ec004000-ec0047ff]  Max Packet=[2048]  IR/IT contexts=[4/8]
[    7.128087] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [AAZA] enabled at IRQ 21
...

С проблемой пока не разбирался.