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		<title><![CDATA[Linux Forum &mdash; Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
		<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?id=7995</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[Недавние сообщения в теме «Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172».]]></description>
		<lastBuildDate>Thu, 23 Dec 2010 12:50:32 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124794#p124794</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>вы пароль в открытом виде указали?... если да то вам нужно сгенерировать его с помощью wpa_passphrase <div class="termtitle" style="font-family: sans-serif; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; background:#3A4061; color:#FFFFFF; padding: 1px;"><b> Консоль:</b></div>
<div class="termcont" style="font-family: Terminus; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; overflow-x:scroll; white-space: nowrap ; overflow-y:auto;background:#000000; color:#4EF44E; line-height:1.2; padding: 3px; font-size: 1rem; max-height: 60vh">wpa_passphrase ZX_600 &lt;ваш пароль&gt;</div> полученный ключ записать в wpa_supplicant.conf</p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (odin)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Dec 2010 12:50:32 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124794#p124794</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124793#p124793</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<div class="fancy_spoiler_switcher"><div class="fancy_spoiler_switcher_header" data-lang-open="открыть спойлер" data-lang-close="скрыть спойлер"><strong>+</strong>&nbsp;открыть спойлер</div><div class="fancy_spoiler"><p><div class="termtitle" style="font-family: sans-serif; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; background:#3A4061; color:#FFFFFF; padding: 1px;"><b> Консоль:</b></div>
<div class="termcont" style="font-family: Terminus; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; overflow-x:scroll; white-space: nowrap ; overflow-y:auto;background:#000000; color:#4EF44E; line-height:1.2; padding: 3px; font-size: 1rem; max-height: 60vh">[root@localhost zhk]# /etc/init.d/network stop<br />Останавливается интерфейс eth0:&nbsp; Interface &quot;eth0&quot; is already disabled.<br />Перезагружается конфигурация vnstatd:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />Останавливается интерфейс wlan0:&nbsp; Interface &quot;wlan0&quot; is already disabled.<br />Перезагружается конфигурация vnstatd:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />Останавливается кольцевой интерфейс:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />ioctl: Invalid argument<br />[root@localhost zhk]# wpa_supplicant -d -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />Initializing interface &#039;wlan0&#039; conf &#039;/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf&#039; driver &#039;wext&#039; ctrl_interface &#039;N/A&#039; bridge &#039;N/A&#039;<br />Configuration file &#039;/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf&#039; -&gt; &#039;/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf&#039;<br />Reading configuration file &#039;/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf&#039;<br />ctrl_interface=&#039;/var/run/wpa_supplicant&#039;<br />eapol_version=1<br />ap_scan=1<br />fast_reauth=1<br />Priority group 1<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;id=0 ssid=&#039;ZX_600&#039;<br />Initializing interface (2) &#039;wlan0&#039;<br />SIOCGIWRANGE: WE(compiled)=22 WE(source)=18 enc_capa=0xf<br />&nbsp; capabilities: key_mgmt 0xf enc 0xf flags 0x0<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permitted<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWESSID]: Operation not permitted<br />WEXT: Operstate: linkmode=1, operstate=5<br />Own MAC address: e0:91:53:1b:b2:62<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_wpa<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_key: alg=0 key_idx=0 set_tx=0 seq_len=0 key_len=0<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_key: alg=0 key_idx=1 set_tx=0 seq_len=0 key_len=0<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_key: alg=0 key_idx=2 set_tx=0 seq_len=0 key_len=0<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_key: alg=0 key_idx=3 set_tx=0 seq_len=0 key_len=0<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_countermeasures<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_drop_unencrypted<br />RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver<br />Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec<br />EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED<br />EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE<br />EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE<br />EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED<br />Added interface wlan0<br />RTM_NEWLINK: operstate=0 ifi_flags=0x1003 ([UP])<br />RTM_NEWLINK, IFLA_IFNAME: Interface &#039;wlan0&#039; added<br />Wireless event: cmd=0x8b06 len=8<br />State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING<br />Starting AP scan (broadcast SSID)<br />Trying to get current scan results first without requesting a new scan to speed up initial association<br />Received 241 bytes of scan results (1 BSSes)<br />New scan results available<br />Selecting BSS from priority group 1<br />Try to find WPA-enabled AP<br />0: 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 ssid=&#039;ZX_600&#039; wpa_ie_len=0 rsn_ie_len=20 caps=0x11<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;selected based on RSN IE<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;selected WPA AP 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 ssid=&#039;ZX_600&#039;<br />Trying to associate with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 (SSID=&#039;ZX_600&#039; freq=2412 MHz)<br />Cancelling scan request<br />WPA: clearing own WPA/RSN IE<br />Automatic auth_alg selection: 0x1<br />RSN: using IEEE 802.11i/D9.0<br />WPA: Selected cipher suites: group 16 pairwise 16 key_mgmt 2 proto 2<br />WPA: clearing AP WPA IE<br />WPA: set AP RSN IE - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 0c 00<br />WPA: using GTK CCMP<br />WPA: using PTK CCMP<br />WPA: using KEY_MGMT WPA-PSK<br />WPA: Set own WPA IE default - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 00 00<br />No keys have been configured - skip key clearing<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_drop_unencrypted<br />State: SCANNING -&gt; ASSOCIATING<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_operstate: operstate 0-&gt;0 (DORMANT)<br />WEXT: Operstate: linkmode=-1, operstate=5<br />wpa_driver_wext_associate<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_psk<br />Setting authentication timeout: 10 sec 0 usec<br />EAPOL: External notification - EAP success=0<br />EAPOL: External notification - EAP fail=0<br />EAPOL: External notification - portControl=Auto<br />RSN: Ignored PMKID candidate without preauth flag<br />RTM_NEWLINK: operstate=0 ifi_flags=0x1003 ([UP])<br />RTM_NEWLINK, IFLA_IFNAME: Interface &#039;wlan0&#039; added<br />Wireless event: cmd=0x8b06 len=8<br />RTM_NEWLINK: operstate=0 ifi_flags=0x1003 ([UP])<br />RTM_NEWLINK, IFLA_IFNAME: Interface &#039;wlan0&#039; added<br />Wireless event: cmd=0x8b04 len=12<br />RTM_NEWLINK: operstate=0 ifi_flags=0x1003 ([UP])<br />RTM_NEWLINK, IFLA_IFNAME: Interface &#039;wlan0&#039; added<br />Wireless event: cmd=0x8b1a len=14<br />RTM_NEWLINK: operstate=0 ifi_flags=0x1003 ([UP])<br />RTM_NEWLINK, IFLA_IFNAME: Interface &#039;wlan0&#039; added<br />Wireless event: cmd=0x8b15 len=20<br />Wireless event: new AP: 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53<br />State: ASSOCIATING -&gt; ASSOCIATED<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_operstate: operstate 0-&gt;0 (DORMANT)<br />WEXT: Operstate: linkmode=-1, operstate=5<br />Associated to a new BSS: BSSID=1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53<br />No keys have been configured - skip key clearing<br />Associated with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53<br />WPA: Association event - clear replay counter<br />WPA: Clear old PTK<br />EAPOL: External notification - portEnabled=0<br />EAPOL: External notification - portValid=0<br />EAPOL: External notification - EAP success=0<br />EAPOL: External notification - portEnabled=1<br />EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state CONNECTING<br />EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state IDLE<br />Setting authentication timeout: 10 sec 0 usec<br />Cancelling scan request<br />RTM_NEWLINK: operstate=0 ifi_flags=0x11003 ([UP][LOWER_UP])<br />RTM_NEWLINK, IFLA_IFNAME: Interface &#039;wlan0&#039; added<br />RX EAPOL from 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53<br />Setting authentication timeout: 10 sec 0 usec<br />IEEE 802.1X RX: version=2 type=3 length=95<br />&nbsp; EAPOL-Key type=2<br />&nbsp; key_info 0x8a (ver=2 keyidx=0 rsvd=0 Pairwise Ack)<br />&nbsp; key_length=16 key_data_length=0<br />&nbsp; replay_counter - hexdump(len=8): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01<br />&nbsp; key_nonce - hexdump(len=32): e8 37 79 d7 ec ef 59 86 67 c4 9c 72 dc be 6a 65 31 a6 f6 ee d9 07 cc bc 60 d2 a3 9c 18 d4 b8 e7<br />&nbsp; key_iv - hexdump(len=16): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00<br />&nbsp; key_rsc - hexdump(len=8): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00<br />&nbsp; key_id (reserved) - hexdump(len=8): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00<br />&nbsp; key_mic - hexdump(len=16): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00<br />State: ASSOCIATED -&gt; 4WAY_HANDSHAKE<br />WPA: RX message 1 of 4-Way Handshake from 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 (ver=2)<br />RSN: msg 1/4 key data - hexdump(len=0):<br />WPA: Renewed SNonce - hexdump(len=32): ee 7b 76 e1 61 b4 8a 66 c3 05 9b 96 15 e2 6d 6c 51 d3 81 b5 f0 29 ef a0 d1 8f 6f a3 9c 87 91 9f<br />WPA: PTK derivation - A1=e0:91:53:1b:b2:62 A2=1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53<br />WPA: PMK - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]<br />WPA: PTK - hexdump(len=48): [REMOVED]<br />WPA: WPA IE for msg 2/4 - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 00 00<br />WPA: Sending EAPOL-Key 2/4<br />RX EAPOL from 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53<br />IEEE 802.1X RX: version=2 type=3 length=151<br />&nbsp; EAPOL-Key type=2<br />&nbsp; key_info 0x13ca (ver=2 keyidx=0 rsvd=0 Pairwise Install Ack MIC Secure Encr)<br />&nbsp; key_length=16 key_data_length=56<br />&nbsp; replay_counter - hexdump(len=8): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02<br />&nbsp; key_nonce - hexdump(len=32): e8 37 79 d7 ec ef 59 86 67 c4 9c 72 dc be 6a 65 31 a6 f6 ee d9 07 cc bc 60 d2 a3 9c 18 d4 b8 e7<br />&nbsp; key_iv - hexdump(len=16): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00<br />&nbsp; key_rsc - hexdump(len=8): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00<br />&nbsp; key_id (reserved) - hexdump(len=8): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00<br />&nbsp; key_mic - hexdump(len=16): 32 5a f0 c3 51 e4 30 29 9c 7f 88 ea 3b 0b 11 51<br />RSN: encrypted key data - hexdump(len=56): 63 42 82 a3 cc e1 1a 6a 8b 72 40 28 12 97 9c 5f 58 65 ea ed ab 38 ed 67 f2 c9 93 7e 89 a7 39 86 3c 25 31 86 46 08 f1 c8 39 94 2a e1 62 9c 62 cc 44 5a 9c d1 6d fa d3 25<br />WPA: decrypted EAPOL-Key key data - hexdump(len=48): [REMOVED]<br />State: 4WAY_HANDSHAKE -&gt; 4WAY_HANDSHAKE<br />WPA: RX message 3 of 4-Way Handshake from 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 (ver=2)<br />WPA: IE KeyData - hexdump(len=48): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 00 00 dd 16 00 0f ac 01 02 00 65 33 ca 12 39 c1 44 7e 3f bb 8b 30 fa 38 4f c7 dd 00<br />WPA: IE in 3/4 msg does not match with IE in Beacon/ProbeResp (src=1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53)<br />WPA: RSN IE in Beacon/ProbeResp - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 0c 00<br />WPA: RSN IE in 3/4 msg - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 00 00<br />wpa_driver_wext_disassociate<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permitted<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWESSID]: Operation not permitted<br />No keys have been configured - skip key clearing<br />State: 4WAY_HANDSHAKE -&gt; DISCONNECTED<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_operstate: operstate 0-&gt;0 (DORMANT)<br />WEXT: Operstate: linkmode=-1, operstate=5<br />EAPOL: External notification - portEnabled=0<br />EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED<br />EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE<br />EAPOL: External notification - portValid=0<br />EAPOL: External notification - EAP success=0<br />Setting scan request: 5 sec 0 usec<br />No keys have been configured - skip key clearing<br />State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; DISCONNECTED<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_operstate: operstate 0-&gt;0 (DORMANT)<br />WEXT: Operstate: linkmode=-1, operstate=5<br />EAPOL: External notification - portEnabled=0<br />EAPOL: External notification - portValid=0<br />EAPOL: External notification - EAP success=0<br />Setting scan request: 5 sec 0 usec<br />RTM_NEWLINK: operstate=0 ifi_flags=0x1003 ([UP])<br />RTM_NEWLINK, IFLA_IFNAME: Interface &#039;wlan0&#039; added<br />EAPOL: startWhen --&gt; 0<br />EAPOL: disable timer tick<br />State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING<br />Starting AP scan (broadcast SSID)<br />Scan requested (ret=0) - scan timeout 5 seconds<br />RTM_NEWLINK: operstate=0 ifi_flags=0x1003 ([UP])<br />RTM_NEWLINK, IFLA_IFNAME: Interface &#039;wlan0&#039; added<br />Wireless event: cmd=0x8b19 len=8<br />Received 243 bytes of scan results (1 BSSes)<br />New scan results available<br />Selecting BSS from priority group 1<br />Try to find WPA-enabled AP<br />0: 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 ssid=&#039;ZX_600&#039; wpa_ie_len=0 rsn_ie_len=20 caps=0x11<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;selected based on RSN IE<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;selected WPA AP 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 ssid=&#039;ZX_600&#039;<br />Trying to associate with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 (SSID=&#039;ZX_600&#039; freq=2412 MHz)<br />Cancelling scan request<br />WPA: clearing own WPA/RSN IE<br />Automatic auth_alg selection: 0x1<br />RSN: using IEEE 802.11i/D9.0<br />WPA: Selected cipher suites: group 16 pairwise 16 key_mgmt 2 proto 2<br />WPA: clearing AP WPA IE<br />WPA: set AP RSN IE - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 0c 00<br />WPA: using GTK CCMP<br />WPA: using PTK CCMP<br />WPA: using KEY_MGMT WPA-PSK<br />WPA: Set own WPA IE default - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 00 00<br />No keys have been configured - skip key clearing<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_drop_unencrypted<br />State: SCANNING -&gt; ASSOCIATING<br />wpa_driver_wext_set_operstate: operstate 0-&gt;0 (DORMANT)<br />WEXT: Operstate: linkmode=-1, operstate=5</div></p></div></div>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (Жекис)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Dec 2010 12:45:03 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124793#p124793</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124720#p124720</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>остановить можно с помощью ctrl+c.... редактировать нужно с правами пользователя root... давайте добавим к вызову ключ -d ... получим более информативный ответ ...<div class="termtitle" style="font-family: sans-serif; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; background:#3A4061; color:#FFFFFF; padding: 1px;"><b> Консоль:</b></div>
<div class="termcont" style="font-family: Terminus; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; overflow-x:scroll; white-space: nowrap ; overflow-y:auto;background:#000000; color:#4EF44E; line-height:1.2; padding: 3px; font-size: 1rem; max-height: 60vh">wpa_supplicant -d -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</div></p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (odin)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Dec 2010 10:22:40 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124720#p124720</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124719#p124719</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<div class="fancy_spoiler_switcher"><div class="fancy_spoiler_switcher_header" data-lang-open="открыть спойлер" data-lang-close="скрыть спойлер"><strong>+</strong>&nbsp;открыть спойлер</div><div class="fancy_spoiler"><p><div class="termtitle" style="font-family: sans-serif; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; background:#3A4061; color:#FFFFFF; padding: 1px;"><b> Консоль:</b></div>
<div class="termcont" style="font-family: Terminus; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; overflow-x:scroll; white-space: nowrap ; overflow-y:auto;background:#000000; color:#4EF44E; line-height:1.2; padding: 3px; font-size: 1rem; max-height: 60vh">[root@localhost /]# /etc/init.d/network stop<br />Останавливается интерфейс eth0:&nbsp; Interface &quot;eth0&quot; is already disabled.<br />Перезагружается конфигурация vnstatd:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />Останавливается интерфейс wlan0:&nbsp; Failed to kill daemon. (No such file or directory)<br />Interface &quot;wlan0&quot; is already disabled.<br />Перезагружается конфигурация vnstatd:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />Останавливается кольцевой интерфейс:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />ioctl: Invalid argument<br />[root@localhost /]# wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permitted<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWESSID]: Operation not permitted<br />Trying to associate with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 (SSID=&#039;ZX_600&#039; freq=2437 MHz)<br />Associated with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53<br />WPA: IE in 3/4 msg does not match with IE in Beacon/ProbeResp (src=1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53)<br />WPA: RSN IE in Beacon/ProbeResp - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 0c 00<br />WPA: RSN IE in 3/4 msg - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 00 00<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permitted<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWESSID]: Operation not permitted<br />Trying to associate with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 (SSID=&#039;ZX_600&#039; freq=2437 MHz)<br />Associated with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53<br />WPA: IE in 3/4 msg does not match with IE in Beacon/ProbeResp (src=1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53)<br />WPA: RSN IE in Beacon/ProbeResp - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 0c 00<br />WPA: RSN IE in 3/4 msg - hexdump(len=22): 30 14 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 02 00 00<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permitted<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWESSID]: Operation not permitted</div></p></div></div><p> А как его останавливать?&nbsp; и как напрямую редактировать wpa_supplicant.conf? а то копировать в вин.раздел и обратно&nbsp; немного неудобно.&nbsp; smile</p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (Жекис)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Dec 2010 10:14:46 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124719#p124719</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124704#p124704</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>вам нужно настроить wpa_supplicant.conf примерно следующим образом<br /></p><div class="codebox"><pre><code>network={
        scan_ssid=0
        ssid=&quot;ZX_600&quot;
        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
        proto=WPA2 WPA
        pairwise=CCMP TKIP
        group=CCMP TKIP
        psk=&quot;пароль&quot;
        priority=1
}</code></pre></div><p>и попробовать еще раз выполнить <br /><div class="termtitle" style="font-family: sans-serif; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; background:#3A4061; color:#FFFFFF; padding: 1px;"><b> Консоль:</b></div>
<div class="termcont" style="font-family: Terminus; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; overflow-x:scroll; white-space: nowrap ; overflow-y:auto;background:#000000; color:#4EF44E; line-height:1.2; padding: 3px; font-size: 1rem; max-height: 60vh"><br />/etc/init.d/network stop<br />wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</div><br />посмотрим что получится...</p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (odin)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Dec 2010 09:32:48 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124704#p124704</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124697#p124697</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>Wireless Network Name&nbsp; &nbsp;: ZX_600<br />Enable Auto Channel Selection<br />WMM Enable&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(Wireless QoS) <br />Security Mode&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; :&nbsp; Enable WPA2 Only Wireless Security (enhanced)</p><p>WPA2 Only requires stations to use high grade encryption and authentication.<br />Cipher Type&nbsp; &nbsp;:&nbsp; AES<br />PSK / EAP&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; :&nbsp; PSK<br />Network Key&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; :&nbsp; 1234567890</p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (Жекис)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Dec 2010 09:17:22 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124697#p124697</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124679#p124679</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>какие параметры на точке доступа указаны?</p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (odin)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Dec 2010 08:24:47 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124679#p124679</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124678#p124678</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p><div class="termtitle" style="font-family: sans-serif; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; background:#3A4061; color:#FFFFFF; padding: 1px;"><b> Консоль:</b></div>
<div class="termcont" style="font-family: Terminus; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; overflow-x:scroll; white-space: nowrap ; overflow-y:auto;background:#000000; color:#4EF44E; line-height:1.2; padding: 3px; font-size: 1rem; max-height: 60vh">[root@localhost etc]# /etc/init.d/network stop<br />Останавливается интерфейс eth0:&nbsp; Interface &quot;eth0&quot; is already disabled.<br />Перезагружается конфигурация vnstatd:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />Останавливается интерфейс wlan0:&nbsp; Interface &quot;wlan0&quot; is already disabled.<br />Перезагружается конфигурация vnstatd:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />Останавливается кольцевой интерфейс:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[&nbsp; &nbsp;ОК&nbsp; ]<br />[root@localhost etc]# wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permitted<br />ioctl[SIOCSIWESSID]: Operation not permitted<br />Trying to associate with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 (SSID=&#039;ZX_600&#039; freq=2412 MHz)<br />Authentication with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 timed out.<br />Trying to associate with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 (SSID=&#039;ZX_600&#039; freq=2412 MHz)<br />Authentication with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 timed out.<br />Trying to associate with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 (SSID=&#039;ZX_600&#039; freq=2412 MHz)<br />Authentication with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 timed out.<br />Trying to associate with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 (SSID=&#039;ZX_600&#039; freq=2412 MHz)<br />Authentication with 1c:bd:b9:33:fc:53 timed out.</div><br />и т.д. не хотел останавливатся.&nbsp; &nbsp; smile</p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (Жекис)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Dec 2010 08:11:25 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124678#p124678</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124676#p124676</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>wpa_supplicant.conf :<br /></p><div class="fancy_spoiler_switcher"><div class="fancy_spoiler_switcher_header" data-lang-open="открыть спойлер" data-lang-close="скрыть спойлер"><strong>+</strong>&nbsp;открыть спойлер</div><div class="fancy_spoiler"><p>##### Example wpa_supplicant configuration file ###############################<br />#<br /># This file describes configuration file format and lists all available option.<br /># Please also take a look at simpler configuration examples in &#039;examples&#039;<br /># subdirectory.<br />#<br /># Empty lines and lines starting with # are ignored</p><p># NOTE! This file may contain password information and should probably be made<br /># readable only by root user on multiuser systems.</p><p># Note: All file paths in this configuration file should use full (absolute,<br /># not relative to working directory) path in order to allow working directory<br /># to be changed. This can happen if wpa_supplicant is run in the background.</p><p># Whether to allow wpa_supplicant to update (overwrite) configuration<br />#<br /># This option can be used to allow wpa_supplicant to overwrite configuration<br /># file whenever configuration is changed (e.g., new network block is added with<br /># wpa_cli or wpa_gui, or a password is changed). This is required for<br /># wpa_cli/wpa_gui to be able to store the configuration changes permanently.<br /># Please note that overwriting configuration file will remove the comments from<br /># it.<br />#update_config=1</p><p># global configuration (shared by all network blocks)<br />#<br /># Parameters for the control interface. If this is specified, wpa_supplicant<br /># will open a control interface that is available for external programs to<br /># manage wpa_supplicant. The meaning of this string depends on which control<br /># interface mechanism is used. For all cases, the existance of this parameter<br /># in configuration is used to determine whether the control interface is<br /># enabled.<br />#<br /># For UNIX domain sockets (default on Linux and BSD): This is a directory that<br /># will be created for UNIX domain sockets for listening to requests from<br /># external programs (CLI/GUI, etc.) for status information and configuration.<br /># The socket file will be named based on the interface name, so multiple<br /># wpa_supplicant processes can be run at the same time if more than one<br /># interface is used.<br /># /var/run/wpa_supplicant is the recommended directory for sockets and by<br /># default, wpa_cli will use it when trying to connect with wpa_supplicant.<br />#<br /># Access control for the control interface can be configured by setting the<br /># directory to allow only members of a group to use sockets. This way, it is<br /># possible to run wpa_supplicant as root (since it needs to change network<br /># configuration and open raw sockets) and still allow GUI/CLI components to be<br /># run as non-root users. However, since the control interface can be used to<br /># change the network configuration, this access needs to be protected in many<br /># cases. By default, wpa_supplicant is configured to use gid 0 (root). If you<br /># want to allow non-root users to use the control interface, add a new group<br /># and change this value to match with that group. Add users that should have<br /># control interface access to this group. If this variable is commented out or<br /># not included in the configuration file, group will not be changed from the<br /># value it got by default when the directory or socket was created.<br />#<br /># When configuring both the directory and group, use following format:<br /># DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel<br /># DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=0<br /># (group can be either group name or gid)<br />#<br /># For UDP connections (default on Windows): The value will be ignored. This<br /># variable is just used to select that the control interface is to be created.<br /># The value can be set to, e.g., udp (ctrl_interface=udp)<br />#<br /># For Windows Named Pipe: This value can be used to set the security descriptor<br /># for controlling access to the control interface. Security descriptor can be<br /># set using Security Descriptor String Format (see <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com">http://msdn.microsoft.com</a>/<br /># library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/secauthz/security/<br /># security_descriptor_string_format.asp). The descriptor string needs to be<br /># prefixed with SDDL=. For example, ctrl_interface=SDDL=D: would set an empty<br /># DACL (which will reject all connections). See README-Windows.txt for more<br /># information about SDDL string format.<br />#<br />ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant</p><p># IEEE 802.1X/EAPOL version<br /># wpa_supplicant is implemented based on IEEE Std 802.1X-2004 which defines<br /># EAPOL version 2. However, there are many APs that do not handle the new<br /># version number correctly (they seem to drop the frames completely). In order<br /># to make wpa_supplicant interoperate with these APs, the version number is set<br /># to 1 by default. This configuration value can be used to set it to the new<br /># version (2).<br />eapol_version=1</p><p># AP scanning/selection<br /># By default, wpa_supplicant requests driver to perform AP scanning and then<br /># uses the scan results to select a suitable AP. Another alternative is to<br /># allow the driver to take care of AP scanning and selection and use<br /># wpa_supplicant just to process EAPOL frames based on IEEE 802.11 association<br /># information from the driver.<br /># 1: wpa_supplicant initiates scanning and AP selection<br /># 0: driver takes care of scanning, AP selection, and IEEE 802.11 association<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; parameters (e.g., WPA IE generation); this mode can also be used with<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; non-WPA drivers when using IEEE 802.1X mode; do not try to associate with<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; APs (i.e., external program needs to control association). This mode must<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; also be used when using wired Ethernet drivers.<br /># 2: like 0, but associate with APs using security policy and SSID (but not<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; BSSID); this can be used, e.g., with ndiswrapper and NDIS drivers to<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; enable operation with hidden SSIDs and optimized roaming; in this mode,<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; the network blocks in the configuration file are tried one by one until<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; the driver reports successful association; each network block should have<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; explicit security policy (i.e., only one option in the lists) for<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt, pairwise, group, proto variables<br />ap_scan=1</p><p># EAP fast re-authentication<br /># By default, fast re-authentication is enabled for all EAP methods that<br /># support it. This variable can be used to disable fast re-authentication.<br /># Normally, there is no need to disable this.<br />fast_reauth=1</p><p># OpenSSL Engine support<br /># These options can be used to load OpenSSL engines.<br /># The two engines that are supported currently are shown below:<br /># They are both from the opensc project (<a href="http://www.opensc.org/">http://www.opensc.org/</a>)<br /># By default no engines are loaded.<br /># make the opensc engine available<br />#opensc_engine_path=/usr/lib/opensc/engine_opensc.so<br /># make the pkcs11 engine available<br />#pkcs11_engine_path=/usr/lib/opensc/engine_pkcs11.so<br /># configure the path to the pkcs11 module required by the pkcs11 engine<br />#pkcs11_module_path=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.so</p><p># Dynamic EAP methods<br /># If EAP methods were built dynamically as shared object files, they need to be<br /># loaded here before being used in the network blocks. By default, EAP methods<br /># are included statically in the build, so these lines are not needed<br />#load_dynamic_eap=/usr/lib/wpa_supplicant/eap_tls.so<br />#load_dynamic_eap=/usr/lib/wpa_supplicant/eap_md5.so</p><p># Driver interface parameters<br /># This field can be used to configure arbitrary driver interace parameters. The<br /># format is specific to the selected driver interface. This field is not used<br /># in most cases.<br />#driver_param=&quot;field=value&quot;</p><p># Country code<br /># The ISO/IEC alpha2 country code for the country in which this device is<br /># currently operating.<br />#country=US</p><p># Maximum lifetime for PMKSA in seconds; default 43200<br />#dot11RSNAConfigPMKLifetime=43200<br /># Threshold for reauthentication (percentage of PMK lifetime); default 70<br />#dot11RSNAConfigPMKReauthThreshold=70<br /># Timeout for security association negotiation in seconds; default 60<br />#dot11RSNAConfigSATimeout=60</p><p># Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) parameters</p><p># Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID; see RFC 4122) of the device<br /># If not configured, UUID will be generated based on the local MAC address.<br />#uuid=12345678-9abc-def0-1234-56789abcdef0</p><p># Device Name<br /># User-friendly description of device; up to 32 octets encoded in UTF-8<br />#device_name=Wireless Client</p><p># Manufacturer<br /># The manufacturer of the device (up to 64 ASCII characters)<br />#manufacturer=Company</p><p># Model Name<br /># Model of the device (up to 32 ASCII characters)<br />#model_name=cmodel</p><p># Model Number<br /># Additional device description (up to 32 ASCII characters)<br />#model_number=123</p><p># Serial Number<br /># Serial number of the device (up to 32 characters)<br />#serial_number=12345</p><p># Primary Device Type<br /># Used format: &lt;categ&gt;-&lt;OUI&gt;-&lt;subcateg&gt;<br /># categ = Category as an integer value<br /># OUI = OUI and type octet as a 4-octet hex-encoded value; 0050F204 for<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;default WPS OUI<br /># subcateg = OUI-specific Sub Category as an integer value<br /># Examples:<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;1-0050F204-1 (Computer / PC)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;1-0050F204-2 (Computer / Server)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;5-0050F204-1 (Storage / NAS)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;6-0050F204-1 (Network Infrastructure / AP)<br />#device_type=1-0050F204-1</p><p># OS Version<br /># 4-octet operating system version number (hex string)<br />#os_version=01020300</p><p># Credential processing<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;0 = process received credentials internally (default)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;1 = do not process received credentials; just pass them over ctrl_iface to<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; external program(s)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;2 = process received credentials internally and pass them over ctrl_iface<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; to external program(s)<br />#wps_cred_processing=0</p><p># network block<br />#<br /># Each network (usually AP&#039;s sharing the same SSID) is configured as a separate<br /># block in this configuration file. The network blocks are in preference order<br /># (the first match is used).<br />#<br /># network block fields:<br />#<br /># disabled:<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; 0 = this network can be used (default)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; 1 = this network block is disabled (can be enabled through ctrl_iface,<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;e.g., with wpa_cli or wpa_gui)<br />#<br /># id_str: Network identifier string for external scripts. This value is passed<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; to external action script through wpa_cli as WPA_ID_STR environment<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; variable to make it easier to do network specific configuration.<br />#<br /># ssid: SSID (mandatory); either as an ASCII string with double quotation or<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; as hex string; network name<br />#<br /># scan_ssid:<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; 0 = do not scan this SSID with specific Probe Request frames (default)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; 1 = scan with SSID-specific Probe Request frames (this can be used to<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;find APs that do not accept broadcast SSID or use multiple SSIDs;<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;this will add latency to scanning, so enable this only when needed)<br />#<br /># bssid: BSSID (optional); if set, this network block is used only when<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; associating with the AP using the configured BSSID<br />#<br /># priority: priority group (integer)<br /># By default, all networks will get same priority group (0). If some of the<br /># networks are more desirable, this field can be used to change the order in<br /># which wpa_supplicant goes through the networks when selecting a BSS. The<br /># priority groups will be iterated in decreasing priority (i.e., the larger the<br /># priority value, the sooner the network is matched against the scan results).<br /># Within each priority group, networks will be selected based on security<br /># policy, signal strength, etc.<br /># Please note that AP scanning with scan_ssid=1 and ap_scan=2 mode are not<br /># using this priority to select the order for scanning. Instead, they try the<br /># networks in the order that used in the configuration file.<br />#<br /># mode: IEEE 802.11 operation mode<br /># 0 = infrastructure (Managed) mode, i.e., associate with an AP (default)<br /># 1 = IBSS (ad-hoc, peer-to-peer)<br /># Note: IBSS can only be used with key_mgmt NONE (plaintext and static WEP)<br /># and key_mgmt=WPA-NONE (fixed group key TKIP/CCMP). In addition, ap_scan has<br /># to be set to 2 for IBSS. WPA-None requires following network block options:<br /># proto=WPA, key_mgmt=WPA-NONE, pairwise=NONE, group=TKIP (or CCMP, but not<br /># both), and psk must also be set.<br />#<br /># frequency: Channel frequency in megahertz (MHz) for IBSS, e.g.,<br /># 2412 = IEEE 802.11b/g channel 1. This value is used to configure the initial<br /># channel for IBSS (adhoc) networks. It is ignored in the infrastructure mode.<br /># In addition, this value is only used by the station that creates the IBSS. If<br /># an IBSS network with the configured SSID is already present, the frequency of<br /># the network will be used instead of this configured value.<br />#<br /># proto: list of accepted protocols<br /># WPA = WPA/IEEE 802.11i/D3.0<br /># RSN = WPA2/IEEE 802.11i (also WPA2 can be used as an alias for RSN)<br /># If not set, this defaults to: WPA RSN<br />#<br /># key_mgmt: list of accepted authenticated key management protocols<br /># WPA-PSK = WPA pre-shared key (this requires &#039;psk&#039; field)<br /># WPA-EAP = WPA using EAP authentication<br /># IEEE8021X = IEEE 802.1X using EAP authentication and (optionally) dynamically<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; generated WEP keys<br /># NONE = WPA is not used; plaintext or static WEP could be used<br /># WPA-PSK-SHA256 = Like WPA-PSK but using stronger SHA256-based algorithms<br /># WPA-EAP-SHA256 = Like WPA-EAP but using stronger SHA256-based algorithms<br /># If not set, this defaults to: WPA-PSK WPA-EAP<br />#<br /># auth_alg: list of allowed IEEE 802.11 authentication algorithms<br /># OPEN = Open System authentication (required for WPA/WPA2)<br /># SHARED = Shared Key authentication (requires static WEP keys)<br /># LEAP = LEAP/Network EAP (only used with LEAP)<br /># If not set, automatic selection is used (Open System with LEAP enabled if<br /># LEAP is allowed as one of the EAP methods).<br />#<br /># pairwise: list of accepted pairwise (unicast) ciphers for WPA<br /># CCMP = AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC [RFC 3610, IEEE 802.11i/D7.0]<br /># TKIP = Temporal Key Integrity Protocol [IEEE 802.11i/D7.0]<br /># NONE = Use only Group Keys (deprecated, should not be included if APs support<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; pairwise keys)<br /># If not set, this defaults to: CCMP TKIP<br />#<br /># group: list of accepted group (broadcast/multicast) ciphers for WPA<br /># CCMP = AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC [RFC 3610, IEEE 802.11i/D7.0]<br /># TKIP = Temporal Key Integrity Protocol [IEEE 802.11i/D7.0]<br /># WEP104 = WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) with 104-bit key<br /># WEP40 = WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) with 40-bit key [IEEE 802.11]<br /># If not set, this defaults to: CCMP TKIP WEP104 WEP40<br />#<br /># psk: WPA preshared key; 256-bit pre-shared key<br /># The key used in WPA-PSK mode can be entered either as 64 hex-digits, i.e.,<br /># 32 bytes or as an ASCII passphrase (in which case, the real PSK will be<br /># generated using the passphrase and SSID). ASCII passphrase must be between<br /># 8 and 63 characters (inclusive).<br /># This field is not needed, if WPA-EAP is used.<br /># Note: Separate tool, wpa_passphrase, can be used to generate 256-bit keys<br /># from ASCII passphrase. This process uses lot of CPU and wpa_supplicant<br /># startup and reconfiguration time can be optimized by generating the PSK only<br /># only when the passphrase or SSID has actually changed.<br />#<br /># eapol_flags: IEEE 802.1X/EAPOL options (bit field)<br /># Dynamic WEP key required for non-WPA mode<br /># bit0 (1): require dynamically generated unicast WEP key<br /># bit1 (2): require dynamically generated broadcast WEP key<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; (3 = require both keys; default)<br /># Note: When using wired authentication, eapol_flags must be set to 0 for the<br /># authentication to be completed successfully.<br />#<br /># mixed_cell: This option can be used to configure whether so called mixed<br /># cells, i.e., networks that use both plaintext and encryption in the same<br /># SSID, are allowed when selecting a BSS form scan results.<br /># 0 = disabled (default)<br /># 1 = enabled<br />#<br /># proactive_key_caching:<br /># Enable/disable opportunistic PMKSA caching for WPA2.<br /># 0 = disabled (default)<br /># 1 = enabled<br />#<br /># wep_key0..3: Static WEP key (ASCII in double quotation, e.g. &quot;abcde&quot; or<br /># hex without quotation, e.g., 0102030405)<br /># wep_tx_keyidx: Default WEP key index (TX) (0..3)<br />#<br /># peerkey: Whether PeerKey negotiation for direct links (IEEE 802.11e DLS) is<br /># allowed. This is only used with RSN/WPA2.<br /># 0 = disabled (default)<br /># 1 = enabled<br />#peerkey=1<br />#<br /># wpa_ptk_rekey: Maximum lifetime for PTK in seconds. This can be used to<br /># enforce rekeying of PTK to mitigate some attacks against TKIP deficiencies.<br />#<br /># Following fields are only used with internal EAP implementation.<br /># eap: space-separated list of accepted EAP methods<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; MD5 = EAP-MD5 (unsecure and does not generate keying material -&gt;<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; cannot be used with WPA; to be used as a Phase 2 method<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;MSCHAPV2 = EAP-MSCHAPv2 (cannot be used separately with WPA; to be used<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; as a Phase 2 method with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;OTP = EAP-OTP (cannot be used separately with WPA; to be used<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; as a Phase 2 method with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;GTC = EAP-GTC (cannot be used separately with WPA; to be used<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; as a Phase 2 method with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; TLS = EAP-TLS (client and server certificate)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; PEAP = EAP-PEAP (with tunnelled EAP authentication)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; TTLS = EAP-TTLS (with tunnelled EAP or PAP/CHAP/MSCHAP/MSCHAPV2<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; authentication)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; If not set, all compiled in methods are allowed.<br />#<br /># identity: Identity string for EAP<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; This field is also used to configure user NAI for<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; EAP-PSK/PAX/SAKE/GPSK.<br /># anonymous_identity: Anonymous identity string for EAP (to be used as the<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; unencrypted identity with EAP types that support different tunnelled<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; identity, e.g., EAP-TTLS)<br /># password: Password string for EAP. This field can include either the<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; plaintext password (using ASCII or hex string) or a NtPasswordHash<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; (16-byte MD4 hash of password) in hash:&lt;32 hex digits&gt; format.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; NtPasswordHash can only be used when the password is for MSCHAPv2 or<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; MSCHAP (EAP-MSCHAPv2, EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2, EAP-TTLS/MSCHAP, LEAP).<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; EAP-PSK (128-bit PSK), EAP-PAX (128-bit PSK), and EAP-SAKE (256-bit<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; PSK) is also configured using this field. For EAP-GPSK, this is a<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; variable length PSK.<br /># ca_cert: File path to CA certificate file (PEM/DER). This file can have one<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; or more trusted CA certificates. If ca_cert and ca_path are not<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; included, server certificate will not be verified. This is insecure and<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; a trusted CA certificate should always be configured when using<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; EAP-TLS/TTLS/PEAP. Full path should be used since working directory may<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; change when wpa_supplicant is run in the background.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; On Windows, trusted CA certificates can be loaded from the system<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; certificate store by setting this to cert_store://&lt;name&gt;, e.g.,<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert=&quot;cert_store://CA&quot; or ca_cert=&quot;cert_store://ROOT&quot;.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Note that when running wpa_supplicant as an application, the user<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; certificate store (My user account) is used, whereas computer store<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; (Computer account) is used when running wpasvc as a service.<br /># ca_path: Directory path for CA certificate files (PEM). This path may<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; contain multiple CA certificates in OpenSSL format. Common use for this<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; is to point to system trusted CA list which is often installed into<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; directory like /etc/ssl/certs. If configured, these certificates are<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; added to the list of trusted CAs. ca_cert may also be included in that<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; case, but it is not required.<br /># client_cert: File path to client certificate file (PEM/DER)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Full path should be used since working directory may change when<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; wpa_supplicant is run in the background.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Alternatively, a named configuration blob can be used by setting this<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; to blob://&lt;blob name&gt;.<br /># private_key: File path to client private key file (PEM/DER/PFX)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; When PKCS#12/PFX file (.p12/.pfx) is used, client_cert should be<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; commented out. Both the private key and certificate will be read from<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; the PKCS#12 file in this case. Full path should be used since working<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; directory may change when wpa_supplicant is run in the background.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Windows certificate store can be used by leaving client_cert out and<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; configuring private_key in one of the following formats:<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; cert://substring_to_match<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; hash://certificate_thumbprint_in_hex<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; for example: private_key=&quot;hash://63093aa9c47f56ae88334c7b65a4&quot;<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Note that when running wpa_supplicant as an application, the user<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; certificate store (My user account) is used, whereas computer store<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; (Computer account) is used when running wpasvc as a service.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Alternatively, a named configuration blob can be used by setting this<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; to blob://&lt;blob name&gt;.<br /># private_key_passwd: Password for private key file (if left out, this will be<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; asked through control interface)<br /># dh_file: File path to DH/DSA parameters file (in PEM format)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; This is an optional configuration file for setting parameters for an<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; ephemeral DH key exchange. In most cases, the default RSA<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; authentication does not use this configuration. However, it is possible<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; setup RSA to use ephemeral DH key exchange. In addition, ciphers with<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; DSA keys always use ephemeral DH keys. This can be used to achieve<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; forward secrecy. If the file is in DSA parameters format, it will be<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; automatically converted into DH params.<br /># subject_match: Substring to be matched against the subject of the<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; authentication server certificate. If this string is set, the server<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; sertificate is only accepted if it contains this string in the subject.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; The subject string is in following format:<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; /C=US/ST=CA/L=San Francisco/CN=Test AS/emailAddress=as@example.com<br /># altsubject_match: Semicolon separated string of entries to be matched against<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; the alternative subject name of the authentication server certificate.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; If this string is set, the server sertificate is only accepted if it<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; contains one of the entries in an alternative subject name extension.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; altSubjectName string is in following format: TYPE:VALUE<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Example: EMAIL:server@example.com<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Example: DNS:server.example.com;DNS:server2.example.com<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Following types are supported: EMAIL, DNS, URI<br /># phase1: Phase1 (outer authentication, i.e., TLS tunnel) parameters<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; (string with field-value pairs, e.g., &quot;peapver=0&quot; or<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &quot;peapver=1 peaplabel=1&quot;)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &#039;peapver&#039; can be used to force which PEAP version (0 or 1) is used.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &#039;peaplabel=1&#039; can be used to force new label, &quot;client PEAP encryption&quot;,<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; to be used during key derivation when PEAPv1 or newer. Most existing<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; PEAPv1 implementation seem to be using the old label, &quot;client EAP<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; encryption&quot;, and wpa_supplicant is now using that as the default value.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Some servers, e.g., Radiator, may require peaplabel=1 configuration to<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; interoperate with PEAPv1; see eap_testing.txt for more details.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &#039;peap_outer_success=0&#039; can be used to terminate PEAP authentication on<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; tunneled EAP-Success. This is required with some RADIUS servers that<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; implement draft-josefsson-pppext-eap-tls-eap-05.txt (e.g.,<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; Lucent NavisRadius v4.4.0 with PEAP in &quot;IETF Draft 5&quot; mode)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; include_tls_length=1 can be used to force wpa_supplicant to include<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; TLS Message Length field in all TLS messages even if they are not<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; fragmented.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; sim_min_num_chal=3 can be used to configure EAP-SIM to require three<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; challenges (by default, it accepts 2 or 3)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; result_ind=1 can be used to enable EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA to use<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; protected result indication.<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &#039;crypto_binding&#039; option can be used to control PEAPv0 cryptobinding<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; behavior:<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; * 0 = do not use cryptobinding (default)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; * 1 = use cryptobinding if server supports it<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; * 2 = require cryptobinding<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; EAP-WSC (WPS) uses following options: pin=&lt;Device Password&gt; or<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; pbc=1.<br /># phase2: Phase2 (inner authentication with TLS tunnel) parameters<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; (string with field-value pairs, e.g., &quot;auth=MSCHAPV2&quot; for EAP-PEAP or<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &quot;autheap=MSCHAPV2 autheap=MD5&quot; for EAP-TTLS)<br /># Following certificate/private key fields are used in inner Phase2<br /># authentication when using EAP-TTLS or EAP-PEAP.<br /># ca_cert2: File path to CA certificate file. This file can have one or more<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; trusted CA certificates. If ca_cert2 and ca_path2 are not included,<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; server certificate will not be verified. This is insecure and a trusted<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; CA certificate should always be configured.<br /># ca_path2: Directory path for CA certificate files (PEM)<br /># client_cert2: File path to client certificate file<br /># private_key2: File path to client private key file<br /># private_key2_passwd: Password for private key file<br /># dh_file2: File path to DH/DSA parameters file (in PEM format)<br /># subject_match2: Substring to be matched against the subject of the<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; authentication server certificate.<br /># altsubject_match2: Substring to be matched against the alternative subject<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; name of the authentication server certificate.<br />#<br /># fragment_size: Maximum EAP fragment size in bytes (default 1398).<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; This value limits the fragment size for EAP methods that support<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; fragmentation (e.g., EAP-TLS and EAP-PEAP). This value should be set<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; small enough to make the EAP messages fit in MTU of the network<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; interface used for EAPOL. The default value is suitable for most<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; cases.<br />#<br /># EAP-FAST variables:<br /># pac_file: File path for the PAC entries. wpa_supplicant will need to be able<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; to create this file and write updates to it when PAC is being<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; provisioned or refreshed. Full path to the file should be used since<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; working directory may change when wpa_supplicant is run in the<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; background. Alternatively, a named configuration blob can be used by<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; setting this to blob://&lt;blob name&gt;<br /># phase1: fast_provisioning option can be used to enable in-line provisioning<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;of EAP-FAST credentials (PAC):<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;0 = disabled,<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1 = allow unauthenticated provisioning,<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2 = allow authenticated provisioning,<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3 = allow both unauthenticated and authenticated provisioning<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; fast_max_pac_list_len=&lt;num&gt; option can be used to set the maximum<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; number of PAC entries to store in a PAC list (default: 10)<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; fast_pac_format=binary option can be used to select binary format for<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; storing PAC entries in order to save some space (the default<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; text format uses about 2.5 times the size of minimal binary<br />#&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; format)<br />#<br /># wpa_supplicant supports number of &quot;EAP workarounds&quot; to work around<br /># interoperability issues with incorrectly behaving authentication servers.<br /># These are enabled by default because some of the issues are present in large<br /># number of authentication servers. Strict EAP conformance mode can be<br /># configured by disabling workarounds with eap_workaround=0.</p><p># Example blocks:</p><p># Simple case: WPA-PSK, PSK as an ASCII passphrase, allow all valid ciphers<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;simple&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; psk=&quot;very secret passphrase&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; priority=5<br /># }</p><p># Same as previous, but request SSID-specific scanning (for APs that reject<br /># broadcast SSID)<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;second ssid&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; scan_ssid=1<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; psk=&quot;very secret passphrase&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; priority=2<br /># }</p><p># Only WPA-PSK is used. Any valid cipher combination is accepted.<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; proto=WPA<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-PSK<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pairwise=CCMP TKIP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; group=CCMP TKIP WEP104 WEP40<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; psk=06b4be19da289f475aa46a33cb793029d4ab3db7a23ee92382eb0106c72ac7bb<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; priority=2<br /># }</p><p># WPA-Personal(PSK) with TKIP and enforcement for frequent PTK rekeying<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; proto=WPA<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-PSK<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pairwise=TKIP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; group=TKIP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; psk=&quot;not so secure passphrase&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; wpa_ptk_rekey=600<br /># }</p><p># Only WPA-EAP is used. Both CCMP and TKIP is accepted. An AP that used WEP104<br /># or WEP40 as the group cipher will not be accepted.<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; proto=RSN<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pairwise=CCMP TKIP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; group=CCMP TKIP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=TLS<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;user@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/ca.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; client_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/user.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; private_key=&quot;/etc/cert/user.prv&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; private_key_passwd=&quot;password&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; priority=1<br /># }</p><p># EAP-PEAP/MSCHAPv2 configuration for RADIUS servers that use the new peaplabel<br /># (e.g., Radiator)<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=PEAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;user@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; password=&quot;foobar&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/ca.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; phase1=&quot;peaplabel=1&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; phase2=&quot;auth=MSCHAPV2&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; priority=10<br /># }</p><p># EAP-TTLS/EAP-MD5-Challenge configuration with anonymous identity for the<br /># unencrypted use. Real identity is sent only within an encrypted TLS tunnel.<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=TTLS<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;user@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; anonymous_identity=&quot;anonymous@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; password=&quot;foobar&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/ca.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; priority=2<br /># }</p><p># EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2 configuration with anonymous identity for the unencrypted<br /># use. Real identity is sent only within an encrypted TLS tunnel.<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=TTLS<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;user@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; anonymous_identity=&quot;anonymous@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; password=&quot;foobar&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/ca.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; phase2=&quot;auth=MSCHAPV2&quot;<br /># }</p><p># WPA-EAP, EAP-TTLS with different CA certificate used for outer and inner<br /># authentication.<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=TTLS<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; # Phase1 / outer authentication<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; anonymous_identity=&quot;anonymous@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/ca.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; # Phase 2 / inner authentication<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; phase2=&quot;autheap=TLS&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert2=&quot;/etc/cert/ca2.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; client_cert2=&quot;/etc/cer/user.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; private_key2=&quot;/etc/cer/user.prv&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; private_key2_passwd=&quot;password&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; priority=2<br /># }</p><p># Both WPA-PSK and WPA-EAP is accepted. Only CCMP is accepted as pairwise and<br /># group cipher.<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; bssid=00:11:22:33:44:55<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; proto=WPA RSN<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-PSK WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pairwise=CCMP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; group=CCMP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; psk=06b4be19da289f475aa46a33cb793029d4ab3db7a23ee92382eb0106c72ac7bb<br /># }</p><p># Special characters in SSID, so use hex string. Default to WPA-PSK, WPA-EAP<br /># and all valid ciphers.<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=00010203<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; psk=000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f<br /># }</p><br /><p># EAP-SIM with a GSM SIM or USIM<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;eap-sim-test&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=SIM<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pin=&quot;1234&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pcsc=&quot;&quot;<br /># }</p><br /><p># EAP-PSK<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;eap-psk-test&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=PSK<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; anonymous_identity=&quot;eap_psk_user&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; password=06b4be19da289f475aa46a33cb793029<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;eap_psk_user@example.com&quot;<br /># }</p><br /><p># IEEE 802.1X/EAPOL with dynamically generated WEP keys (i.e., no WPA) using<br /># EAP-TLS for authentication and key generation; require both unicast and<br /># broadcast WEP keys.<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;1x-test&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=IEEE8021X<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=TLS<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;user@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/ca.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; client_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/user.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; private_key=&quot;/etc/cert/user.prv&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; private_key_passwd=&quot;password&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eapol_flags=3<br /># }</p><br /><p># LEAP with dynamic WEP keys<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;leap-example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=IEEE8021X<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=LEAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;user&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; password=&quot;foobar&quot;<br /># }</p><p># EAP-IKEv2 using shared secrets for both server and peer authentication<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;ikev2-example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=IKEV2<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;user&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; password=&quot;foobar&quot;<br /># }</p><p># EAP-FAST with WPA (WPA or WPA2)<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;eap-fast-test&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=FAST<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; anonymous_identity=&quot;FAST-000102030405&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;username&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; password=&quot;password&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; phase1=&quot;fast_provisioning=1&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pac_file=&quot;/etc/wpa_supplicant.eap-fast-pac&quot;<br /># }</p><p># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;eap-fast-test&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=FAST<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; anonymous_identity=&quot;FAST-000102030405&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;username&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; password=&quot;password&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; phase1=&quot;fast_provisioning=1&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pac_file=&quot;blob://eap-fast-pac&quot;<br /># }</p><p># Plaintext connection (no WPA, no IEEE 802.1X)<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;plaintext-test&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=NONE<br /># }</p><br /><p># Shared WEP key connection (no WPA, no IEEE 802.1X)<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;static-wep-test&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=NONE<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; wep_key0=&quot;abcde&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; wep_key1=0102030405<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; wep_key2=&quot;1234567890123&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; wep_tx_keyidx=0<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; priority=5<br /># }</p><br /><p># Shared WEP key connection (no WPA, no IEEE 802.1X) using Shared Key<br /># IEEE 802.11 authentication<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;static-wep-test2&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=NONE<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; wep_key0=&quot;abcde&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; wep_key1=0102030405<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; wep_key2=&quot;1234567890123&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; wep_tx_keyidx=0<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; priority=5<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; auth_alg=SHARED<br /># }</p><br /><p># IBSS/ad-hoc network with WPA-None/TKIP.<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;test adhoc&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; mode=1<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; frequency=2412<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; proto=WPA<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-NONE<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pairwise=NONE<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; group=TKIP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; psk=&quot;secret passphrase&quot;<br /># }</p><br /><p># Catch all example that allows more or less all configuration modes<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; scan_ssid=1<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP WPA-PSK IEEE8021X NONE<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pairwise=CCMP TKIP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; group=CCMP TKIP WEP104 WEP40<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; psk=&quot;very secret passphrase&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=TTLS PEAP TLS<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;user@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; password=&quot;foobar&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/ca.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; client_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/user.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; private_key=&quot;/etc/cert/user.prv&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; private_key_passwd=&quot;password&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; phase1=&quot;peaplabel=0&quot;<br /># }</p><p># Example of EAP-TLS with smartcard (openssl engine)<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=TLS<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; proto=RSN<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pairwise=CCMP TKIP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; group=CCMP TKIP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;user@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/ca.pem&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; client_cert=&quot;/etc/cert/user.pem&quot;<br /># <br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; engine=1<br /># <br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; # The engine configured here must be available. Look at<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; # OpenSSL engine support in the global section.<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; # The key available through the engine must be the private key<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; # matching the client certificate configured above.<br /># <br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; # use the opensc engine<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; #engine_id=&quot;opensc&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; #key_id=&quot;45&quot;<br /># <br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; # use the pkcs11 engine<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; engine_id=&quot;pkcs11&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_id=&quot;id_45&quot;<br /># <br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; # Optional PIN configuration; this can be left out and PIN will be<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; # asked through the control interface<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; pin=&quot;1234&quot;<br /># }</p><p># Example configuration showing how to use an inlined blob as a CA certificate<br /># data instead of using external file<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;example&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=WPA-EAP<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; eap=TTLS<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; identity=&quot;user@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; anonymous_identity=&quot;anonymous@example.com&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; password=&quot;foobar&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; ca_cert=&quot;blob://exampleblob&quot;<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; priority=20<br /># }</p><p>blob-base64-exampleblob={<br />SGVsbG8gV29ybGQhCg==<br />}</p><br /><p># Wildcard match for SSID (plaintext APs only). This example select any<br /># open AP regardless of its SSID.<br /># network={<br /># &nbsp; &nbsp; key_mgmt=NONE<br /># }</p><p>network={<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; priority=1<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; ssid=&quot;ZX_600&quot;<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; auth_alg=SHARED<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; scan_ssid=0<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; psk=&quot;1234567890&quot;<br />}</p></div></div>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (Жекис)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Dec 2010 08:08:36 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124676#p124676</guid>
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		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124579#p124579</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>покажите /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />еще... выполните <div class="termtitle" style="font-family: sans-serif; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; background:#3A4061; color:#FFFFFF; padding: 1px;"><b> Консоль:</b></div>
<div class="termcont" style="font-family: Terminus; position:relative; height:auto; width:auto; overflow-x:scroll; white-space: nowrap ; overflow-y:auto;background:#000000; color:#4EF44E; line-height:1.2; padding: 3px; font-size: 1rem; max-height: 60vh"><br />/etc/init.d/network stop<br />wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br /></div><br />вывод прикрепите....</p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (odin)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2010 20:12:09 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124579#p124579</guid>
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		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124556#p124556</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>Пароль из одних цифр не помогает.<br />пробовал изменить режим EAP&nbsp; в доп.параметрах - никак&nbsp; &nbsp;<img src="https://linuxforum.ru/img/smilies/ac.gif" alt="ac" /></p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (Жекис)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2010 19:04:31 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124556#p124556</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124550#p124550</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>попробуйте указать пароль только из цифр</p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (odin)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2010 18:17:52 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124550#p124550</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124524#p124524</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>Подключение не идет с шифрованием... <br />если ставить WEP в мандриве(через сетьевой центр) и на роутере(WEP Encryption 64bit) - подключение нормально проходит,интернет пашет.<br />если на роутере меняю на WEP Encryption 128bit то при подключении пишет &quot;сбой подключения&quot; , но подключение РАБОТАЕТ!&nbsp; oO <br />если меняю WPA/WPA2 то снова пишет &quot;сбой подключения&quot; , но уже не работает.&nbsp; &nbsp; <img src="https://linuxforum.ru/img/smilies/ac.gif" alt="ac" /></p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (Жекис)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2010 17:04:14 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124524#p124524</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124471#p124471</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>я понял... что не идет с шифрованием... ?</p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (odin)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2010 14:29:09 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124471#p124471</guid>
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		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Re: Настроить wi-fi Realtek Semiconductor Device 8172]]></title>
			<link>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124470#p124470</link>
			<description><![CDATA[<p>Я видимо не так выразился...<br />с шифрованием WPA/WPA2 не идёт.<br />при использовании WEP всё работает.</p>]]></description>
			<author><![CDATA[null@example.com (Жекис)]]></author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2010 14:28:04 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>https://linuxforum.ru/viewtopic.php?pid=124470#p124470</guid>
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